Motor and means for controlling the same



Juiy 3, 1923. AGLGO] E. v. HARTFORD MOTOR AND MEANS FOR GONTRQLDLNG THESAME Filed July :4 2 Sheets-Sheet l JT J July 3, 1923.

1,461,00l E. V. HARTFORD MOTOR AND MEANS Foix CONTROLLING THE SAME:

Flied July 24 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 residing at Deal, in *eine eonniyend State oi New Jeisey, have iaolen EDWARD VASSLIL@ HETFRD,

To all whom t may coi/wom.

Be it known iiia ii, Een' HARTFORD, o. citizen oE the min new and usefulxnpi'oveinencs tors and Means 'foi' Coneioii' which invention is iniiysei foi: lowing specification, i'eieienee the accompanying sheeis of Myinvention relates nietois and freeins foil controlling the saine. Morespeeineoiiy my invention relates io eieefwie moe-ois means foi'conroiling sneii inoizos.

Une of ie objects of my invention is provide a motos with means speedmay be eontioiieoi ae the wn operator by very simple i eens;

A further objeei; of my in@ arrange this inotoi` eonfoiiing in it may beoperaed ioin 'ine A furthe? object of my in provide means foi: veeg/ine;"Je motor uniifoiiniy as diszi usuai means which vai-sy n inooi byvaiions steps changes fioni point eine motor.

A further objeei of control the speed of fighe use of resistances ois amateiiai amouni of otherwise be suppiieei @o 2-..,

A furthe? object of my provide means Wiieieioy ene; ieiiniientiysupplied 'to the mo'toi may ioea'lte oriniy for eny given gooi" CSEnient.

A finiti/ier objeci oi my in piovide a governor foi e which may eonio hespeed eand nminain such speed consiani: vaine iii'espeoiive o placedupon 'eine motor.

A *few oi the many possibile my invention may miie is siio nooinpiinying dirais/ingsq ii/'ini Fig. 'i is a geneiai pian View o; andi-conioiiing ineensq socia :means in Tenis instance jiisfced.

Fig. 2 is o seoion oi ein. i iooiing in eine diieoii ma netieaiiy o* ei:'ed swioii.

i 6 is View a :nitiiei 'oi'in oi"- my inveneion in Wiiieiche eoniioiiingineens is auioinatieaiiy adjusted.

Reieiiing new *Lo Fig. l of' the drawings it i iii be seen the eiecziioanotoiv is indie ci by the ieifeijenee numeifai 1. 1b is .L i i f l l.io unce'fs'eooolfahao suon motor, "i ongh pieeiabiy of ine seiies typemay be eieiee a series9 shunt, compound or diffeentiai n10= toi'. Thismoi'oi has .mounted linen ne sha-ft 2 'feiieieof a Hy Wheel 3. From 'ehesha'f 2 powei' may be 'Miken to drive che ieee?. 'foi1 einen the moto?is intended. The connect ing means such as the pinion oie pulley.howevef7 is omieeci iono the drawing. tMolini'- eei. upon Mie shaft 2 isa Woini 3., which ine-shes with the Worin Wheel which is nienniiee upona shaf; 5 ai, righe angies Jeo 'iie otoi shaft 2.

r moeoi l, is nnoieisizood is pfeifeniiigii speed motor' anei by ineensednciion geeeing comprising the Woina in wheel 3 end a iresoeetiveiys'ehe n 5 may oe oisieoi ai o Veify innen fe- .i and one end near *eheapex has Wd nemo-w poiion l0. the

se. 'that is io say, neai7 is V sii?. ied cani the iaised portion iseonsinn-ons ali the Way ai'ound he cyiindei 8, snown :it il., This isoleaiciy shown in ieys and le is o see 'nas also a iatche; or mer-innii1G 'which eonneefss snei siief; threaded no@ oi siin'f'e il. This (i "i7eai'iies ai, iis oi'zii end a ivieil is foe the @impose aiiow- ,i7 "cobe nianuaiiy i'oaaiteei.

i 'ie ne moved need. For example, gear iednettions 4iiie oase of `theguides and 21 by means of a half nut 22 which meshes with the threadsupon the shaft or rod 17. A comparatively large bearing portion orsleeve is shown at 23 which is a portion of this carrier and is adaptedto slide along the rod 21. The other end of this carrier has a hookedshapedportion 24 which is adapted to be hooked un.- der the rod 20 andslide along such rod. The rod 21 is fastened at both ends andconstitutes the guide'rod. The rod 20, how-A ever, is pivoted at oneend, as shown at 25, and is adapted to be received in the spring orlatch. member 26 at the other end, or to be moved therefrom whenreleased by means of the handle 27, and is then adapted to pivot at thepoint and to be rocked up- Wardly.

t Will novv be seen that upon rotation or the crank 13 the carrier maybe moved up or down these guide rods 20 and 21. This carrier 19J carriesan insulated pivoted lever 28, which is mounted at its vpivoted end uponthe block or supporting member 29 which is suitably insulated from .thecarrier 19. The other end of this lever 28 carries a roller 30 which isadapted to ride upon the surface 8 or" the cam drum and to travel overthe cam portion thereof and thereby oscillate this pivoted lever 23. ltwill be observed that this pivoted lever 28 has a Contact 31 mountedthereon which is adapt-l ed to co-operate with an adjustable contact 32which is carried by the carrier 19. A suitable spring such as shown at33, `for .example, may be used to normally press this pivoted lever 28downwardly. The spring, however, in certain cases may be omitted.

F rom the description, as thus far given, it Will be seen that upon theoperation of the cranlr 13, 'the carrier 19 may be moved along the camdrum 3 and that the cam drum 8 will be rotated by means of the belt 12and pulleys 13 and 14, inasmuch as the ratchet or over-runni g clutch 13locks rwhen it is driven from the crank 13. The ratchet or over-runningclutch 3 releases and the shait 5 remains idle in the position shovvn inFig. 1, the crank 13 is rotated in the direction indicated, therebydriving the drum 8 in the direction also indicated. 1i?, however, themotor is driving and rotates the shaft 5 in direction indicated, ratchetor over-running clutch. 3 will transmit 'the power from shaft shaft 7and 'thereby continuously rotate cam drum 3. However, 'the ratchet orove running clutch 16 will then release d 'i low the al it l5 'to freelyrotate rotatino ne 1'?.

VIV-Y ne electrical circuits which are cont'rolled through the mediumthe com, the' pivoted Alever 23 and the cooperating contacts 31 and 32wilt new be described.

suitable :nains Wire 3d- 1 'i i the contact 32, which is in the instanceshown also connected to the frame work of the machine, althoughv it isobvious that such contact 32 may be suitably insulated from lthe frameof the machine. From the other Contact 31 a Wire 35 leads to anelectromagnetically operated switch and is connected at one side of theelectro-magnet 36. The other side of the electro-magnet is connected bymeans of a Wire 37 to the other side of the mains. This electro-magnetthrough the medium of the contacts 38 and the cooperating contacts 39opens or closes the motor circuit, which includes a Wire 40 leading fromthe same or other mains from which the current energizing theelectro-magnetic switch is supplied. A second wire 41 leads from theswitch to the motor and a return Wire 42 leads from the motor to theother side of the mains. It is, of course, understood that in bothcircuits above described suitable switches or fuses may be placed.

Upon reference to Fig. 5 a detail of the electromagnetic switch isshown. This switch includes the contacts 38 and 39, as previouslydescribed, which are adapted to cause a multipoint break in theelectrical circuit. The'contacts 39 it Will be seen are carried by amovable insulating cross head 43 which is controlled in its motion bymeans of a plunger of the magnet 3G. This magnet 36 may be aconventional iron clad magnet and the plunger may be composed of amagnetic material, as shown at 44, and a non-magnetic material as shownat 45. rllhe extreme limits or stroke of this plunger are determined bymeans or suitable collars 46 and 47, as shown. It will thus be seen thatwhen the magnet 36 is energized the plunger in drawn downwardly andforces 'the contacts 39 into engagement with the contacts 38 and therebycloses the motor circuit. A suitable spring retracts the cross head 43when the current is shut ofij jrom the 36. .it will be noted 'that thisapparatus is carried in a casing 43vand is adapted to operate in oil, soas to malte a very quiclr and sure break.

The operation. et this device will now be given,

the drum 8 is rotated and also the car-er .13 is caused in a left hand l'a n n aire on in tno snoivn. lhis causes "e roller 39 e the cam surfaceoi thereby oscillate the lever and 32 to come each other. Vthiscetro-magro etic rnnttent 'the slorly eed of 'ttent closing on rotationof the cranlr 18, as shown y Up O ` creases e uniform resea w f` itermay loe roede se s oi such shaft 5 exceeds the speed of the elisir, 'Z9the over-runningI or retenes clutch causes such shaft 7 to be driven oydie slie'it 5. Thereupon the over-running` or ratchet clutch 16 releasessind allows the slm-fi; i5 io turn idly Without rotating tiie snai-'tl?. The fly Wheel 3, it will be seen. absorbs ille energy during thetime the motor circuir is closed sind reeurns such energy feo die systemto rotaie the motor sind thereby crrry the drum 8 over 'to sucliposition dif ceeding cem surface is presente(L ceeding impulse iliereloygiven so This insures e conizinuous suiisen form rotation or' the meiere speed, and ii; will be noted iii cured Without the eddiiion of themotor eircui9 es is now risse ing rlieosteis and coniroli`. Upon thecontinued rotation die roller 30 is caused "eo were nelly elongelieexended cern this exiended portion is ineen rlie motor (Lo come up 'izoits loefore the roiier 30 sriires iiie greduziily increasing cern seri j'die roller 30 ioegrins lo ersvei shaped portion 9 the impuises ediirseion sind the motori sillon* i speed siieoed or plied wield moreenergy risen it y wss.

fr @noli energy., if noi, used, is si e .ny

wheel 3. inasmuch es this c i seen their eine variations speer wiilooutsudden chang-cs, im die s i'lie iisuiii rlieositeis or coniv s. theroller 3G arrives 'di e den 1i, die motor is een maximum speed,

H wili *dies loe seen 'inse i e ineens i'or oontroliing theA` withoutveste of energy end i vaided, iirongn die medium of e 3, for iiiesfeoring of reserve ene-i rapidly rofceiingr dy wiieel. 1

le will iuriiier oe no'red li operates se iis usuei er'iiciency speedset which ii: ire setia a system, es e whole, is sniisie` er'iicienc".inasmuch ss no i, losen inseried in 'die meier c' c io sey, es 'iiis mayloe seied in diei l have provided o device which on eiecfiric more? rosyl eny desired speed :ind n very ci die more? ner, :is distinguished i'ine o of eine confgroliing or e momie.

ll conempieie nsini roiiing 'ilse speed o sizes 'i'om sinziil sizedlarge oi lie eleeric cemoeive, fio

e meier of s subsisnitieily uniform speed ai: sli loads and yet lieve emotor of enormous stereing oronee es given :for example loy e, seriesmotor. This constant speed controi,

E have secured by means of die device shown 'd. governor 5G which isadapted to op rst the friction wheel 5l in e left hand direction wie onincrease of speed and in e righi: iizind direciion with decrease inspeed. Tiiis-'rieiion wheel, 51 is adapted io eo-operste Wish tile otherfriction Wheels 5% and 53. For enzimpie7 riclion Wheel 53 *turns iooseiyupon ilie seme shaft es friction wheel 52 and suoli arrangement is foundconvenient. The 'ric'eion wheei 53 is rigidly connected te pinion 5ewhich meshes wish the geef; o57 which is rigidly "fastened upon theshaft 56 wlniciiL is e confcinuaion or the 'd eded Sheff@ brictionwheel; 52 hes rigidly connected there-Lo s pinion 5'? which niesiieswith `Idie idier 58, which in corn meshes with n 59, which is rigidlyresie led upon the shaft 56.

in iliis esse elle roller 30 is designed fio iee placed about one iisiiwey upifsne d shaped portion i3 of the com surface end the ino-or is in'dois adjustment deiiverinp,- 'full power. This may be secured loyhaving' the motor wound for one iielf the voltage or 'iie meins i'zowhich is vio iie connecied.; E

wi tion when die motor is deliyeri" .power ie is conneeed "eo die meinse oiE the eime. 'for any reason die in nsed the speed will drop siigwily cause 'iie 'rie'eion Wheel 5l to c die ric'eion wheei ThisIliiroiig medium of gears sind lii'eiided causes *die carrier 19 io morein s left iisnd direction and increase ehe period dnrinp which the motoris connected direciiy' '55o die moins. This causes fiile motor'iodreceire more energy and brings the motor loeci to ies former speed.lillfiien elle iood decreases i'ie Igovernor 50 diie "eo ilieresul'tine' ises the liriciion n'iieei oi. e Metier; Woeel 52 and censosi in e righe lizind d' or'rtion 9. This in io normal speedq )e undersoodmet e 'mfi imam 1- mw v n i nis novice is ieiy nesoapie slows down andthereby takes additional current from the mains. This additionalcurrent, however, is only continuously taken while the motor isoperating at less than normal speed. With my device, however, as soon asthe motor slows down even very slight-ly through the action of thegovernor, the motor is caused to draw additional energy from the mainsand its speed is brought back to normal, although it is operating* underan additional load over and above the normal load.

It will further be seen that I have provided a means for graduallyvarying the motor speed through a very wide range without any'suddenchanges in speed from point to point in such range.

lt is to be understood that the above detailed description and drawingsare to be interpreted in an illustrative sense and not in a limitedsense, as the invention is to be limited only as set forth in thefollowing claims.

l claim i l. rllhe combination with a series electric motor and meansoperated thereby for intermittently supplying energy to said motor, saidmeans comprising a cam element and contacts operated thereby of meansforvarying the period oit energization, and a speedresponsive meanscontrolling the last mentioned means whereby constant speed at 4 varyingloads is maintained.

2. The combination of an electric motor, a rotatably mounted tapered cammember operated thereby, means co-operating with said tapered cam tocontrol the supply of energy to said motor, and means for moving saidlast mentioned means along said tapered cam member, said means rotatingsaid cam independent oit the motor.

3. The combination of an electric motor, a rotatably mounted taperedcam, operated thereby, contact closing means operated by said cam means,and means for either automatically moving said contact closing meansalong said tapered cam means in response to the speed ot the motor orfor manually moving 4said circuit closing means along said cam surfaceirrespective or the motor speed, whereby the period of closure ot saidcon.- tacts may be varied.

l. The combination with an electric motor and a drnm'having a surfacerotated by agencer the motor, means independent of the motor speedco-operating with said cam surface for intermittently controlling themotor circuit, and means for advancing said last mentioned means alongsaid cam surface.

5. In combination, an electric motor, a drum of general cylindricalshape, one portion of the surface of the drum being at a slightly lesserradius than the remainder of the surface whereby a cylindrical cam isprovided, means for rotating said drum by said motor, a switch operableby the rotation of' -or closed as said means cooperates with one or theother of said surfaces, said circuit controlling means controlling theenergy supply o t' the motor, and means for adjusting the circuitcontrolling means along the cam.

7. In combination, an electric motor, a rotary device, operating meansfor operating said device by said motor including a oneway clutch, meansassociated with said device for controlling current supply to said motorand manually operable means for rotating said device to electricallyconnect the circuit controlling means whereby the motor may be started.

8. Acontroller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice, manual means for periodically operating the circuitclosingdevice to energize the motor, and means operable by the motorirrespective of the operation of the manual means to periodicallyoperate said circuit-closing device whereby the iiow of energy to themotor is intermittent.

9. A controller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice, manual means for periodically operating the circuitclosingldevice to energize the motor, means operable by the motor irrespectiveof the operation of the manual means to periodically operate saidcircuit-closing device whereby the flow of energy to the motor isintermittent, and a ily-wheel carried by the motor shaft.

l0. A controller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice, manual means for periodically operating the circuitclosingdevice to energize the motor, means operable by the motor irrespectiveoi' the operation oii the manual means to periodically lll) operate saidcircuit-closing devce whereby the flow of energy to the motorintermittent, and means to vary the cycle.

1l. A controller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice. manual means for periodically operating the circuitclosingdevice to energize the motor, means operable by the. motor irrespectiveof the operation of the manual mans to periodically operate saidcircuit-closing device whereby the flow of energy to the motor isintermittent, means to vary the cycle, and a iiywheel carried by themotor shaft.

12. A controller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice.l manual means for periodicallyoperating the circuitclosingdevice to energize the. motor, and means including a one-way clutchoperable b v the motor to periodically operate the circuit-closingdevice whereby the flow of energy to the motor is intermittent.

13. A controller for an electric motor, comprising a circuit-closingdevice, manual means for periodically operating the circuitclosingdevice to energize the motor, means including a one-way clutch operableby the motor to periodically operate the circuitclosing device wherebythe liow of energy to the motor is intermittent, and means including aSecond one-way clutch to vary the cycle.

14.. In combination, a cylindrical cam, the angular extent of thesurface of which at different radii varies along the length of the cam.said cam being rotatably mounted, a circuit-closing device operable bythe cam, means for moving said circuit-closing device and cam relativeto one another in an axial direction wdhereby the flow of current may bevaried, means including a. one-way clutch for rotating said cam whensaid first-mentioned means is operated in one direction. an electricmotor, a supply circuit therefor, under the control otl saidcircuit-closing devicewhereby the motor may he started. and a reductionget r and one-way clutch mechanism intermediate the motor and camwhereby the cani may he rotated in one direction by the motor, said twoclutches being opposed so that manual control of the circuit-closingdevice is independent of the motor control.

l5. ln combination. a cylindrical cam. theA angular extent of thesurface of which at different radii varies along the length ot the cam.said cam being rotatably mounted, a circuit-closing device operable bythe cam, means for moving Said circuit-closing device and cam relativeto one another in an axial direction whereby the tlow of current may bevaried, means including a one-way clutch i'or rotating said cam whensaid first-mentioned means is operated in one direction, an electricmotor. a supply circuit therefor' under the control of saidcircuit-closing device whereby the motor may be started, a reductiongear and one-way clutch mechanism intermediate the motor and cam wherebythe, cam may be rotated in one direction by the motor, said two clutchesbeing opposed so that manual control of the circuit-closing device isindependent of themotor control, and a speed-responsive mechanismcooperable with the circuit-closing device and rstmentioned meanswhereby the motor speed may be controlled within narrow limitsirrespective of the load.

EDWARD VASSALLO HARTFORD.

